

Buy Hara jerdoni, a peaceful patterned nano catfish ideal for calm freshwater aquariums. Moderate care species with live arrival guarantee and UK delivery.
Adult size is the maximum length this species reaches at full maturity (scientific sources). The fish you receive will be younger and smaller — pick a size variant above for the actual shipping size. Photos are AI-enhanced, so the live fish may show subtle colour or marking differences.
Hara jerdoni
Not home? Message us and we'll delay delivery.
Buy Hara jerdoni, a peaceful patterned nano catfish ideal for calm freshwater aquariums. Moderate care species with live arrival guarantee and UK delivery.
Adult size is the maximum length this species reaches at full maturity (scientific sources). The fish you receive will be younger and smaller — pick a size variant above for the actual shipping size. Photos are AI-enhanced, so the live fish may show subtle colour or marking differences.
Maintain these water conditions for optimal health and vibrant colors
If you want something genuinely different from the usual catfish for sale UK listings, Hara jerdoni deserves a close look. Often called the Asian Stone Catfish or freshwater anchor catfish, this tiny species looks less like a fish and more like a curled, water-worn leaf resting on the substrate. That camouflage is exactly why aquarists love it. A peaceful hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for aquarium setup brings subtle, natural behaviour rather than constant swimming, and in the right tank this species becomes one of the most fascinating bottom dwellers you can keep. Native to slow-moving waters in India and Bangladesh, this miniature catfish reaches around 3.5 cm, lives up to 5 years, and suits calm aquariums with soft flow, dimmer lighting, and plenty of cover. The ideal hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish tank setup focuses on fine sand, leaf litter style décor, and secure hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish hiding spots. Its hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish temperature range of 18-24°C also makes it attractive for cooler tropical systems. See our detailed photos showing the bark-like texture and cryptic patterning in the product image catfish-for-sale-uk.webp. For fishkeepers searching for a tiny, unusual, peaceful catfish UK option that works in a nano community, this species offers character, camouflage, and a very different kind of beauty.
Hara jerdoni is one of the smallest and most cryptically coloured Asian catfish seen in the hobby. It belongs to a group of compact riverine catfish adapted for clinging to the bottom in gentle to moderate current. In aquariums it sits apart from larger, more active catfish because it is tiny, shy, and built for camouflage rather than speed. Aquarists often compare it with banjo-style catfish because of its flattened body and leaf-like resting posture.
The hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish habitat is found in South Asia, especially parts of India and Bangladesh. In the wild, these fish are associated with shallow streams, marginal river zones, and calm backwaters where fine debris, roots, and leaf litter collect along the bottom. Water is usually clear to lightly stained, with a soft current moving over sand, silt, and small stones. That natural setting explains why they spend so much time pressed against the substrate and why they appreciate shaded areas in aquaria.
Although some shoppers searching online for algae eating fish for ponds, algae eater fish for a pond, or algae eater fish for cold water ponds may land on this page, it is important to be precise: Hara jerdoni is not a pond fish and not an algae solution. It is a specialist micro-predator for indoor freshwater aquariums. Searches such as algae eater fish for ponds, algae eater fish in pond, algae eater fish freshwater pond, algae eating fish cold water pond, algae eating fish for a pond, and algae eating fish for an outdoor pond usually refer to very different species and setups. This fish is far too small and too delicate for exposed outdoor conditions in the UK.
In nature, Asian Stone Catfish feed on tiny insect larvae, micro-crustaceans, and other meaty particles that drift or settle on the bottom. They are ambush feeders, staying still until food comes within reach. This is why they do best in a calm, established aquarium with mature surfaces and gentle feeding routines. Their muted brown pattern is not dull when seen up close. It is a survival design that helps them disappear among detritus and pebbles.
For aquarists who have read forum threads like cold water pond algae eating fish uk reddit, this species can seem confusingly labelled online. Despite some broad search traffic around algae eater fish for ponds uk or algae eater fish for lotus pond, Hara jerdoni should be treated as a small, peaceful aquarium catfish rather than a pond cleaner. Recreating its stream-edge habitat indoors is the key to long-term success.
Mimicking the natural habitat with sand, scattered smooth pebbles, almond leaves, and low light improves confidence, feeding response, and overall colour contrast. Fish that feel hidden spend less time stressed and more time showing natural behaviour.
A successful hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish tank setup starts with realism. This species is tiny, but that does not mean it should be kept in a bare tank. The correct hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish minimum tank size is 30 litres, though a 45-60 litre aquarium is much easier to keep stable and gives room for a proper hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish schooling group. While they are not schooling fish in the same way as tetras, they do best in a relaxed hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish group size of 4-6. The practical hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish tank size for a group is therefore larger than the absolute minimum.
The listed minimum works for a species-only or very lightly stocked setup, but if you want the best hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for community tank results, choose at least 45 litres. More floor space matters more than height because this is a bottom-dwelling fish. A longer aquarium allows each catfish to claim a resting patch under wood, leaves, or plant cover. In cramped tanks they can remain hidden and feed poorly.
The ideal hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish water parameters are steady rather than extreme. Aim for a hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish water temperature range of 18-24°C, pH 6.0-7.5, and hardness around 5-15 dGH. Those figures match the known hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish pH requirements and general soft-to-moderately hard conditions. The safest target for most keepers is 21-23°C, neutral-ish water, and excellent oxygenation. If you are comparing species, note that these values differ from common searches like siamese algae eater temperature, siamese algae eater temperature range, siamese algae eater minimum temperature, and what temperature do siamese algae eaters like. Hara jerdoni prefers a cooler, calmer niche than many active algae eaters.
The species appreciates clean, oxygen-rich water but not blasting current. A small sponge filter or a gentle internal filter with flow broken by wood or plants works well. Think of hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish water flow needs as gentle movement across the bottom rather than turbulent flow. Because they are poor competitors at feeding time, avoid setups where food is swept away too fast. Fine mechanical filtration also helps keep debris from collecting in dead spots.
If you are building a calm bottom-focused community, species such as Royal Farlowella Catfish Sturisomaticht and Ancistrus L519 Rio Itenez 3-3. Catfish show how different catfish use different flow zones. Hara jerdoni needs the gentlest end of that spectrum.
The best hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish substrate type is smooth sand or very fine rounded gravel. Sharp gravel can damage the belly and barbels. A dark substrate also helps them feel secure and makes their bark-like pattern stand out. Add scattered leaf litter, seed pods, and smooth pebbles to create natural texture. This species often wedges itself beside tiny objects, so detail matters.
A hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for planted aquarium layout works very well. Use hardy plants such as Java fern, Anubias, Cryptocoryne, and floating cover to soften the light. Moss tied to wood creates feeding surfaces for microfauna. Fine-rooted plants also help break sight lines. If you like unusual peaceful bottom fish, you may also enjoy the leaf-mimicking posture of the Banjo Catfish Bunocephalus Coracoideus 4 -, though it grows larger and needs more room.
Moderate to low lighting suits them best. Bright lights without cover can make them inactive during feeding windows. Use floating plants or shaded hardscape to create dappled areas. This is one reason the species is often recommended as a hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for beginners only when the keeper understands that “easy” does not mean “bare and bright.” It means stable, mature, and thoughtfully arranged.
Always cycle the tank for 4-6 weeks before adding Asian Stone Catfish. In immature tanks they often struggle because microfauna is limited, water chemistry swings more, and nervous fish may refuse prepared foods.
The correct hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish diet is carnivorous. This is not an algae grazer and not a substitute for common algae eater fish care routines. In the wild, it takes tiny insect larvae and other meaty foods from the bottom. In aquariums, the best hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish feeding guide centres on frozen bloodworm, daphnia, cyclops, finely chopped blackworm, micro pellets, and soft sinking foods sized for tiny mouths.
Use a small sinking carnivore pellet or micro-granule as the staple. Feed once daily in the evening, when these fish are most likely to emerge. If you keep them with faster tank mates, target feeding with a pipette helps. They are classic ambush feeders, so food should land near their resting spots rather than being scattered broadly.
Frozen bloodworm and cyclops are excellent 3-4 times per week. Live foods can also help newly imported fish settle. This species is often mistaken for a cleaner, but unlike people asking what are some algae eating fish, what cold water fish eat algae, or what algae do siamese algae eaters eat, you should think in terms of protein, not algae. It is not unusual for keepers who are used to siamese algae eater diet or general siamese algae eater care guide advice to underfeed Hara jerdoni because they expect grazing behaviour that never happens.
For conditioning adults, offer enriched frozen foods and occasional live daphnia or baby brine shrimp. These richer foods can improve body condition and may support spawning attempts. If you are researching siamese algae eater breeding, siamese algae eater breeding behavior, or siamese algae eater how to breed, remember that Hara jerdoni has very different triggers and is much more secretive.
Feed small portions once daily, or twice daily in tiny amounts for newly settled groups. The fish should have slightly rounded bellies after meals, not swollen ones. Remove uneaten food after 20-30 minutes if tank mates do not finish it. Because they are tiny, overfeeding quickly harms water quality.
| Time | Food | Amount |
|---|---|---|
| Morning | Optional micro pellet | Very small pinch |
| Evening | Frozen bloodworm or sinking carnivore food | What the group finishes in 10-15 minutes |
Overfeeding causes ammonia spikes, bacterial blooms, and hidden food decay under leaves and wood. Because Hara jerdoni is so small, even a little extra food can pollute a nano tank quickly.
The typical hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish size is around 3.5 cm as an adult, making it one of the smallest decorative catfish regularly offered in the hobby. The body is flattened and slightly triangular from above, with broad pectoral fins and a rough, bark-like surface texture. When resting motionless, it resembles a dead leaf or a fragment of driftwood. That is part of its appeal and the reason many keepers miss it at first glance.
Base colour is usually chocolate brown, tan, grey-brown, or mottled bark brown with darker marbling. Under subdued lighting and on dark sand, the pattern becomes even richer. Our photos show the intense natural camouflage best when the fish is placed among leaf litter and fine substrate rather than on bright gravel. The species does not have flashy colour morphs in the commercial sense, but pattern intensity varies from fish to fish.
Sexing is difficult. The best guide to hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish male vs female is body shape: females may appear slightly fuller when mature and conditioned, while males can look slimmer. This is much subtler than common search queries like siamese algae eater male vs female or siamese algae eater male vs female pictures. If you are wondering about what day siamese algae eater size, what time siamese algae eater size, or when siamese algae eater size, those growth discussions do not translate well here because Hara jerdoni stays tiny throughout life.
Provide plenty of hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish hiding spots to see their best posture and confidence. A dark background, tannins, and gentle side lighting make this species especially striking. For shoppers comparing unusual catfish, this is the opposite of showy giants like redtail catfish for sale uk; its beauty is all about detail, texture, and natural design.
Hara jerdoni is one of the better choices if you want a peaceful catfish UK species for a calm nano or small community. The best hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish tank mates are tiny, non-aggressive fish that will not outcompete them at feeding time. Think small rasboras, ember-sized tetras, gentle dwarf danios, and peaceful shrimp colonies. They are not boisterous, not territorial in the usual sense, and not likely to harass other species. That makes them a strong candidate for the best bottom feeders for community tank conversations, provided the tank is quiet and thoughtfully stocked.
Good companions include small rasboras, chilli-type nano fish, and calm shrimp. If you enjoy transparent schooling fish, Glass Catfish Kryptopterus Vitreolus Xray Fish and X-Ray Glass Catfish Fish for Sale are attractive contrasts in larger, peaceful setups, though they need more swimming space and should not be crowded into the minimum tank size for Hara. For other bottom-oriented oddballs, Banjo Catfish Bunocephalus Coracoideus 4 - and Royal Farlowella Catfish Sturisomaticht show how different body plans suit different aquascapes.
Shrimp can work well. In a mature planted aquarium, adults are usually safe, especially if moss and cover are abundant. This makes Hara appealing to keepers comparing questions like are siamese algae eaters safe with shrimp, can siamese algae eaters live with shrimp, can siamese algae eaters live with cherry shrimp, do siamese algae eaters eat cherry shrimp, or will siamese algae eaters eat cherry shrimp. Hara jerdoni is much less likely to trouble adult shrimp than larger, more active bottom fish, though very tiny shrimplets may occasionally be at risk.
Avoid large aggressive fish, fin-nippers, and robust cichlids. This is not a species for tanks where you are asking can siamese algae eaters live with african cichlids, siamese algae eater with african cichlids, or siamese algae eater with cichlids. The same principle applies here even more strongly. Hara jerdoni is too small and too passive for those environments. Also avoid large predatory catfish and very active loaches that dominate the substrate.
Many customer questions compare them with algae eaters: are siamese algae eaters aggressive, are siamese algae eaters territorial, are siamese algae eaters aggressive to other fish, why is my siamese algae eater aggressive, are siamese algae eaters community fish, and are siamese algae eaters schooling fish. Hara jerdoni is calmer than all of those debates suggest, but it is also easier to starve in a busy community. Peaceful does not mean competitive.
In 45 litres, try 4-6 Hara jerdoni with 8-10 tiny rasboras and a shrimp colony. In 60 litres, you can build a more layered setup with a small midwater shoal and a larger leaf-litter zone. If you are comparing with searches like 1 siamese algae eater, 2 siamese algae eater, or 6 inch siamese algae eater, remember that Hara stays tiny and should be planned around floor space and feeding access, not algae control or eventual large adult size.
| Species | Compatible? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Glass Catfish Kryptopterus Vitreolus Xray Fish | ✅ Yes | Works in peaceful larger setups with subdued lighting and gentle tank mates. |
| Polka Dot Loach Tropical Fish 4. | ⚠️ Caution | Only in larger tanks; loaches can outcompete tiny Hara at feeding time. |
| Large aggressive cichlids | ❌ Avoid | Too boisterous and likely to stress or injure this tiny bottom dweller. |
Always quarantine new arrivals for 2-4 weeks and observe feeding behaviour before mixing them into a shy community. The biggest compatibility issue with Hara jerdoni is not aggression, but food competition.
Hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish breeding is considered difficult in home aquariums, mainly because the fish are secretive, tiny, and not strongly dimorphic. If you want to attempt it, start with a healthy group rather than a pair. The challenge is identifying hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish male vs female reliably and then creating conditions that trigger spawning. Unlike broad hobby searches such as do siamese algae eaters lay eggs, how do siamese algae eaters breed, siamese algae eater reproduction, or when siamese algae eaters lay eggs, there is much less routine captive breeding information for Hara.
Use a separate 30-45 litre breeding tank with fine sand, leaf litter, moss, and gentle filtration from an air-driven sponge. Keep water very clean and stable at around 22-24°C. Condition the adults with live and frozen meaty foods for 2-3 weeks. A slight increase in feeding and small cool water changes may help simulate seasonal cues.
Spawning is not often observed directly because the fish are nocturnal and secretive. Females may become fuller with eggs, but there is no obvious display comparable to siamese algae eater laying eggs discussions online. If spawning occurs, eggs are likely deposited in concealed areas among leaves, plants, or hardscape gaps. Fine-leaved plants and moss improve the odds.
If eggs are found, remove adults or move the eggs carefully to a rearing container with identical water. Gentle aeration is important. Because detailed hobby records are limited, expect some trial and error. This is very different from common searches for siamese algae eater eggs, siamese algae eater fry, or siamese algae eater baby, where people often expect a more documented process.
New fry would need infusoria, vinegar eels, or other microscopic live foods at first, followed by newly hatched brine shrimp as they grow. Keep the bottom spotless but avoid strong siphoning. Growth is slow, and losses can happen quickly if food size is wrong.
The biggest problems are sexing, hidden spawning sites, fungus on eggs, and starvation of fry. Also remember that tiny catfish may opportunistically eat very small fry from other species, so questions like do siamese algae eater eat guppy fry, siamese algae eater eat guppy fry, or will siamese algae eater eat guppy fry are not really relevant to breeding Hara, but they do highlight a useful principle: separate breeding projects when possible.
Experienced breeders often get the best results by conditioning a group heavily on live foods, then introducing several small cool water changes over a week while increasing oxygenation. Dense moss, leaf litter, and very low disturbance appear more important than chasing exact numbers.
Choosing between unusual catfish is easier when you compare behaviour, size, and purpose. Hara jerdoni is ideal if you want a tiny, cryptic bottom fish for a peaceful small aquarium. It is not the same type of purchase as wels catfish for sale uk, pond catfish for sale uk, large catfish for sale uk, cold water catfish for sale uk, or red tail catfish for sale uk searches, which usually refer to much larger or completely unsuitable species for the average home tank.
| Feature | Hara jerdoni | Banjo Catfish |
|---|---|---|
| Max Size | 3.5 cm | 10-15 cm |
| Care Level | Moderate | Moderate |
| Temperature | 18-24°C | 23-27°C |
| Price | £33.26 | Varies |
| Best For | Nano peaceful setups | Larger leaf-litter communities |
| Feature | Hara jerdoni | Ancistrus L519 |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Feeding Style | Micro-predator | Grazer/omnivore |
| Tank Role | Hidden bottom ambush fish | Visible algae-grazing catfish |
| Planted Tank Suitability | Excellent | Good |
| Group Needs | Best in 4-6 | Usually singly or as a pair |
| Best For | Subtle behaviour lovers | Keepers wanting a more active catfish |
If you want a fish that behaves like living leaf litter, choose Hara. If you want a more visible oddball with a similar camouflaged feel, consider the Banjo Catfish Bunocephalus Coracoideus 4 -. If you want a classic algae-grazing catfish instead of a tiny ambush predator, the Ancistrus L519 Rio Itenez 3-3. Catfish is the better fit. This is also why searches like which siamese algae eater is best, which siamese algae eater for sale, which siamese algae eater can live together, and which siamese algae eater size do not answer the same question. Hara jerdoni fills a completely different niche.
Good hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish health starts with stable water and proper feeding. Because this species is small and cryptic, illness can go unnoticed longer than with more active fish. Healthy individuals rest calmly, show a full but not swollen body, maintain intact fins and barbels, and respond to food at dusk. Sudden weight loss, clamped fins, rapid breathing, or failure to feed are warning signs.
The most common hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish diseases are stress-related bacterial issues, fungal problems after injury, and parasitic outbreaks introduced by new fish. Poor water quality can also cause barbel erosion and lethargy. Because they spend time on the substrate, dirty bottoms and decaying food are especially risky. This is one reason bare-minimum care often fails.
Shoppers sometimes compare species health using searches like siamese algae eater disease or wonder whether a fish can handle rougher communities. Hara cannot. It should never be treated as a disposable cleaner fish. It is a specialised catfish that needs clean, mature conditions and gentle company.
Start with water testing and a large but careful water change. Move sick fish to a separate hospital tank if needed. Use medications cautiously and research catfish sensitivity before dosing. Strong medications can stress small scaleless or lightly armoured bottom fish, so always begin with the gentlest effective option. Increase aeration during treatment.
Prevent problems with excellent filtration, small regular water changes, and careful feeding. Quarantine all new fish for at least 2-4 weeks. Avoid mixing them with species that create constant disturbance on the bottom. A planted, shaded setup with secure cover reduces chronic stress and supports natural feeding. If you are trying to decide between active algae grazers and tiny catfish, remember that Hara is not built for rough community life.
Never medicate blindly. Small bottom catfish can react badly to overdosing, especially in warm, low-oxygen hospital tanks. If shrimp are present, avoid treatments that are unsafe for invertebrates and always remove chemical media before dosing.
This species is quiet, nocturnal, and highly cryptic. During the day, many individuals barely move at all, which can alarm new keepers who expect a busy bottom feeder. In reality, that stillness is normal. They rely on camouflage, not speed, and often become most active during dusk or after the lights dim.
Although some keepers ask whether they should be kept singly, the best results usually come from a hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish schooling group of 4-6. They are not tight shoalers, but they seem calmer in small groups and are more likely to feed confidently. This makes them a strong option for a peaceful hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for aquarium setup where subtle behaviour is the goal.
They also fit well into a hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish with other fish arrangement when tank mates are gentle and food is targeted. Many keepers describe them as “invisible until feeding time,” then suddenly active and surprisingly precise as they snap up tiny foods. If you enjoy fish that reward observation rather than demand attention, this species is outstanding.
When you are looking for catfish for sale UK, details matter more than labels. Hara jerdoni is a fish that can arrive in excellent condition yet still fail in a bright, immature, overstocked aquarium. That is why we treat this species as a specialist micro-catfish rather than a generic “tank cleaner.” Each group is assessed for body condition, feeding response, and normal resting posture before sale. We only list fish once they are taking suitable meaty foods reliably and showing the calm, cryptic behaviour expected of settled Asian Stone Catfish.
For customers searching buy hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish UK, hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for sale UK, live hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish for sale UK, or where to buy hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish UK, we provide clear care guidance so the fish goes into the right setup from day one. Before dispatch, fish are monitored in stable freshwater systems and packed to reduce stress during transit. Orders are sent in insulated packaging, with seasonal heat protection when needed, and professional bagging methods designed for small delicate species. That matters if you are comparing live catfish delivery UK options rather than simply chasing the lowest listing.
We also answer practical buying questions around hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish price UK, hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish shop UK, hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish delivery UK, hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish buy online UK, order hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish online UK, and even value-driven searches like cheap hara jerdoni asian stone catfish freshwater anchor catfish UK. The goal is not just to sell a fish, but to match a delicate species with a suitable keeper. Order your Hara jerdoni today with confidence if you want one of the most unusual freshwater catfish for sale uk options available for peaceful planted aquariums.
If you are building a calm oddball community, consider the transparent elegance of Glass Catfish Kryptopterus Vitreolus Xray Fish for upper water movement, or the larger leaf-mimic profile of the Banjo Catfish Bunocephalus Coracoideus 4 - for a different style of camouflage. For a more visible bottom grazer, the Ancistrus L519 Rio Itenez 3-3. Catfish offers a stronger algae-focused role than Hara jerdoni. If you prefer a sturdier community catfish, the Albino Spotted Hoplo Aquarium Fish is worth a look in larger tanks. For peaceful contrast and unusual body shape, the Spotted Dora Talking Catfish Agamyxis Pectinifrons and Royal Farlowella Catfish Sturisomaticht are also excellent species to compare before final stocking.
Dispatched Tue or Wed, delivered Wed or Thu — every order tracked and insured.


24–28°C · pH 5.5–7 · 60L


24–28°C · pH 7.5–8.5 · 400L


22–26°C · pH 6–7.5 · 150L


23–27°C · pH 5.5–7.5 · 80L

22–26°C · pH 6–7.5 · 30L

24–28°C · pH 7.5–8.5 · 150L

24–28°C · pH 7.5–8.5 · 200L

18–25°C · pH 6–8 · 100L

18–28°C · pH 6.5–8 · 20L

24–27°C · pH 7.5–8.8 · 150L

22–26°C · pH 6–7.5 · 60L

24–28°C · pH 7.5–8.5 · 40L