Flameus Pearl Fish (Cynolebias flammeus) — 3-4cm

Overview

The Flameus Pearl Fish (Cynolebias flammeus) is a striking, small annual killifish native to seasonal freshwater pools and wetlands in South America. Reaching 3.5cm in length, this peaceful species is prized for its vivid coloration and fascinating breeding behavior. As an annual killifish adapted to temporary habitats that dry seasonally, Cynolebias flammeus has a compressed life cycle and unique reproductive biology. Available for sale UK from Tropical Fish Co, this rare species rewards experienced aquarists with captivating displays and unique breeding challenges in species-only aquariums.

Appearance and Coloration

The Flameus Pearl Fish displays vivid colouration with a compact, robust body adorned in fiery reds, oranges, and yellows with pearl-like iridescent spots scattered across the scales. Males are intensely coloured with pronounced finnage and a bold, flame-like presence—hence the common name. The fins often feature vibrant red or orange highlights that shimmer under subdued lighting. Females are smaller, plumper, and more subdued in colour with shorter finnage. In a planted tank with dark substrate, the flame-like colours become even more vibrant and eye-catching.

Natural Habitat

Cynolebias flammeus inhabits seasonal freshwater pools and wetlands in South America. These temporary water bodies fill with water during the wet season and dry completely during the dry season. The water is typically soft, slightly acidic, and well-vegetated, with a substrate of mud and organic debris. During the wet season, adults spawn rapidly; as pools dry, adults perish while eggs remain dormant in dried substrate, hatching when rains return months later. This annual life cycle is fundamental to the species' biology.

Aquarium Setup

A minimum 40-litre aquarium is recommended for a pair or small group of Flameus Pearl Fish. Use a fine sand or soft peat substrate to replicate the natural spawning medium. Include live plants such as Cryptocoryne, Java moss, and floating species like Salvinia or Limnobium. Provide spawning mops or peat moss for egg deposition. Lighting should be subdued, and filtration gentle to avoid strong currents. A secure, tight-fitting lid is essential, as killifish can jump. Maintain excellent water quality, as annual killifish are sensitive to pollution and stress.

Feeding and Diet

As a carnivore, Cynolebias flammeus requires a varied, protein-rich diet to maintain health and colour. Offer small live and frozen foods such as daphnia, brine shrimp, bloodworms, and insect larvae daily. High-quality prepared foods may be accepted after acclimation, but live and frozen foods are best for conditioning and breeding. Feed small portions twice daily, removing uneaten food promptly to maintain pristine water quality. Variety and freshness are critical for optimal health and maintaining the vibrant flame-like colouration.

Behaviour and Temperament

The Flameus Pearl Fish is a peaceful species that spends most of its time exploring the lower and middle water column. Males may display to each other during courtship with flared fins and vibrant colour displays, but serious aggression is rare. These fish have a naturally short lifespan of typically 6-12 months, reflecting their annual biology. They appreciate a dimly lit aquarium with plenty of cover. They are not competitive feeders, so avoid housing them with boisterous or fast-moving species.

Suitable Tank Mates

Cynolebias flammeus is best kept species-only to accommodate its unique breeding biology and short lifespan. Avoid large fish, aggressive fish, fin-nippers, very active competitive species, and species requiring very different water conditions. A calm, quiet environment is essential for this delicate annual killifish to thrive and complete its natural breeding cycle.

Breeding

This is likely an annual killifish that breeds by laying eggs in substrate. Condition a pair or small group with high-quality live foods, then provide spawning media such as peat moss or fine sand. Eggs often require a drying/incubation period before hatching. Use a soft spawning medium and separate adults from eggs to prevent predation. Collect eggs carefully and store in slightly damp peat in a sealed container. Fry hatch when the peat is re-flooded and require infusoria or newly hatched brine shrimp. Breeding success depends on careful egg management and matching seasonal conditions.

Why Buy from Tropical Fish Co

Tropical Fish Co is a trusted UK supplier of rare and specialist tropical fish, including hard-to-find annual killifish species like Cynolebias flammeus. We guarantee healthy, well-conditioned stock, expert care advice, and secure nationwide delivery. Every fish is quarantined and inspected before dispatch, ensuring you receive only the finest specimens. Whether you're setting up a dedicated killifish tank or adding a rare species to your collection, Tropical Fish Co offers unmatched quality and customer service. Order online today and experience the beauty of South American annual killifish.